Acids and Bases: Basic Concepts

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What is an acid in terms of the Arrhenius definition?

An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water.

Define a base according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory.

A base is a substance that can accept protons (H⁺ ions).

What is the pH scale range, and what does it measure?

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

What pH values are considered neutral, acidic, and basic?

A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic.

What is the pH of pure water?

The pH of pure water is 7.

Give an example of a strong acid and a strong base.

A strong acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), and a strong base is sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

What property is common to all acids in their reaction with metals?

Acids typically react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.

What is a common property of bases in relation to acids?

Bases can neutralize acids, forming water and a salt.

What is litmus paper used for?

Litmus paper is used to test whether a solution is acidic or basic.

What color does blue litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?

Blue litmus paper turns red in an acidic solution.

What color does red litmus paper turn in a basic solution?

Red litmus paper turns blue in a basic solution.

What is a neutralization reaction?

It is a chemical reaction where an acid and a base react to form water and a salt.

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two substances that transform into each other by the gain or loss of a proton.

What are amphoteric substances?

Amphoteric substances can act as both acids and bases.

Provide an example of an amphoteric substance.

Water (H₂O) is an example of an amphoteric substance.





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1. What is an acid in terms of the Arrhenius definition?

An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water.

An acid is a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water.

An acid is a base in gaseous form.

An acid is any liquid that turns litmus paper blue.

2. Define a base according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory.

A base is a substance that can accept protons (H⁺ ions).

A base is a substance that can donate protons (H⁺ ions).

A base is exclusively a liquid hydroxide solution.

A base is a compound that reacts solely with metals.

3. What is the pH scale range, and what does it measure?

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 7 and measures salt concentration.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 20 and measures electrical conductivity.

The pH scale ranges from 1 to 10 and measures sugar content.

4. What pH values are considered neutral, acidic, and basic?

A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic.

A pH of 8 is neutral, below 8 is acidic, and above 8 is basic.

A pH of 6 is neutral, below 6 is basic, and above 6 is acidic.

A pH of 5 is neutral, below 5 is basic, and above 5 is acidic.

5. What is the pH of pure water?

The pH of pure water is 7.

The pH of pure water is 5.

The pH of pure water is 9.

The pH of pure water is 0.

6. Give an example of a strong acid and a strong base.

A strong acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), and a strong base is sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

A strong acid is acetic acid (CH₃COOH), and a strong base is ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH).

A strong acid is sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and a strong base is potassium chloride (KCl).

A strong acid is citric acid, and a strong base is calcium carbonate.

7. What property is common to all acids in their reaction with metals?

Acids typically react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.

Acids always make metals dissolve immediately.

Acids never react with metals at all.

Acids produce oxygen gas when reacting with metals.

8. What is a common property of bases in relation to acids?

Bases can neutralize acids, forming water and a salt.

Bases enhance the acidity of a solution.

Bases inhibit the reaction of acids with metals.

Bases convert acids into gases.

9. What is litmus paper used for?

Litmus paper is used to test whether a solution is acidic or basic.

Litmus paper is used to measure temperature changes.

Litmus paper tells the sugar content of a beverage.

Litmus paper is used to determine the purity of a solvent.

10. What color does blue litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?

Blue litmus paper turns red in an acidic solution.

Blue litmus paper turns green in an acidic solution.

Blue litmus paper retains its color in an acidic solution.

Blue litmus paper turns yellow in an acidic solution.

11. What color does red litmus paper turn in a basic solution?

Red litmus paper turns blue in a basic solution.

Red litmus paper turns violet in a basic solution.

Red litmus paper turns green in a basic solution.

Red litmus paper remains red in a basic solution.

12. What is a neutralization reaction?

It is a chemical reaction where an acid and a base react to form water and a salt.

It is a process of making acidic solutions neutral by boiling.

It is a conversion of gases into liquids.

It is when an acid is diluted until no longer active.

13. What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two substances that transform into each other by the gain or loss of a proton.

A conjugate acid-base pair refers to acids and bases with equal concentrations.

A conjugate acid-base pair is a mixture that always remains neutral.

A conjugate acid-base pair refers to paired compounds that are always basic.

14. What are amphoteric substances?

Amphoteric substances can act as both acids and bases.

Amphoteric substances are always acidic.

Amphoteric substances never react with acids or bases.

Amphoteric substances are always solid.

15. Provide an example of an amphoteric substance.

Water (H₂O) is an example of an amphoteric substance.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example of an amphoteric substance.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an example of an amphoteric substance.

Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is an example of an amphoteric substance.