Acids, Bases and Salts

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What is an acid?

An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

What is a base?

A base is a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.

What is pH?

pH is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

What pH value is considered neutral?

A pH value of 7 is considered neutral.

What is the pH range for acidic solutions?

Acidic solutions have a pH less than 7.

What is a neutralization reaction?

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt.

What is an indicator?

An indicator is a substance that changes color to indicate the pH of a solution.

How does litmus paper work?

Litmus paper changes color to indicate whether a solution is acidic or basic; blue litmus turns red in acid and red litmus turns blue in base.

What are strong acids and bases?

Strong acids and bases dissociate completely in water, releasing all their hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

What are weak acids and bases?

Weak acids and bases partially dissociate in water, releasing some but not all of their hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

What is a salt in chemistry?

A salt is an ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base.

What happens in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide react to form sodium chloride (salt) and water.

What is titration?

Titration is an analytical technique to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

Why is a buffer important in biology?

A buffer is important because it helps maintain a stable pH in biological systems.

How can the strength of an acid or base be measured?

The strength of an acid or base can be measured through its ability to ionize in solution and its pH value.