Advanced Java Concepts

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What are Java annotations?

Annotations provide metadata about the program, are not part of the program itself, and have no direct effect on program semantics.

What is a Java package?

A Java package is a namespace for organizing classes and interfaces, helping resolve naming conflicts and controlling access.

Explain exception handling in Java.

Exception handling in Java is a powerful mechanism that handles runtime errors to maintain the normal flow of the application.

What is a Java servlet?

A Java servlet is a Java program that extends the capabilities of a server, handling requests and responses for web applications.

What is JDBC in Java?

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is a Java API that manages connecting to a database, issuing queries, and handling result sets.

What is the purpose of the Stream API in Java 8?

The Stream API provides a modern way to process collections of objects with concise and functional programming style operations.

How does garbage collection work in Java?

Garbage collection in Java is the process of automatically freeing up memory by deleting unreachable objects.

What are Lambdas in Java?

Lambdas allow you to define anonymous methods that are passed around as if they were objects.

What is a Java Enum?

An Enum type is a special Java type used to define collections of constants.

Explain Java Collections Framework.

The Collections Framework is a unified architecture for representing and manipulating collections, allowing interoperability among objects.

What is Java generics?

Generics enable types (classes and interfaces) to be parameters, allowing a type-safe way to reuse code.

What is the difference between ‘==’ and ‘.equals()’ in Java?

‘==’ checks if references point to the same object, whereas ‘.equals()’ checks if objects are meaningfully equivalent.

What role do design patterns play in Java?

Design patterns provide solutions to common software design problems and help in building reusable and scalable software.

What is a Singleton pattern in Java?

A Singleton ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

What is Reflection in Java?

Reflection is an API which is used to examine or modify the runtime behavior of applications running in the Java Virtual Machine.