Atomic Structure Fundamentals

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What is the central part of an atom called?

The central part of an atom is called the nucleus.

What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

What is the charge of a proton?

A proton carries a positive charge (+1).

What particle orbits the nucleus of an atom?

Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom.

What is the relative size of an electron compared to a proton?

An electron is about 1/1836 the mass of a proton.

What determines the atomic number of an element?

The atomic number is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus.

What is an isotope?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

How many electrons can the first shell of an atom hold?

The first shell of an atom can hold up to 2 electrons.

What is the mass number of an atom?

The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

What are valence electrons?

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

What is the significance of the periodic table in understanding atomic structure?

The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number, showing periodic trends in properties.

What are ions?

Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charge.

How does electron configuration relate to periodic table groups?

Elements in the same group have similar valence electron configurations, affecting their chemical properties.

What is a compound made of sodium and chlorine commonly known as?

A compound made of sodium and chlorine is commonly known as table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl).

Why are noble gases inert?

Noble gases are inert because their outer electron shell is full, providing stability.

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