Newton's First Law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.
Define the term 'vector' and give an example.
A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. An example of a vector is velocity.
What is the formula for calculating acceleration?
Acceleration is calculated as the change in velocity divided by the time over which the change occurs, a = Δv/Δt.
Describe the concept of gravitational force.
Gravitational force is the attractive force between two masses, proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
What is kinetic energy and how is it calculated?
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion and is calculated using the formula KE = 1/2 mv^2, where m is mass and v is velocity.
How do you define work done by a force?
Work is defined as the product of the force applied to an object and the distance over which the force is applied, in the direction of the force: W = Fd.
Explain the law of conservation of energy.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to how fast an object is moving, while velocity is a vector quantity that refers to the speed of an object in a specified direction.
Define momentum and provide its formula.
Momentum is the quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as the product of its mass and velocity. The formula is p = mv.
What is the role of friction in motion?
Friction is a force that opposes the motion of an object, acting between surfaces in contact.
How is torque defined in physics?
Torque is a measure of the turning force on an object and is calculated as the product of force and the distance from the pivot point, τ = rFsin(θ).
Describe Hooke's Law.
Hooke's Law states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance, F = kx, where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement.
What is potential energy?
Potential energy is the energy an object possesses because of its position relative to other objects; it is stored energy of position.
What do you understand by circular motion?
Circular motion refers to the movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path.
Explain the concept of equilibrium in physics.
Equilibrium occurs when all the forces acting on an object are balanced, resulting in no change in motion.