Colonial and Modern Morocco

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Which European country first established influence over Morocco in the late 19th century?

France.

What was the Treaty of Fez?

The treaty signed in 1912, making Morocco a French protectorate.

How did the French protectorate administration impact Moroccan society?

It introduced modern administration, infrastructure, but also led to exploitation and resistance.

When did Morocco gain independence from French rule?

In 1956.

Who was the first king of independent Morocco?

King Mohammed V.

Describe the role of the Istiqlal Party.

A key nationalist party that led the movement for Moroccan independence.

What was the Rif War?

A conflict between Spanish colonial forces and the Berber tribes in the Rif mountains from 1920 to 1927.

Who was Sultan Abdelhafid?

A ruler who signed the Treaty of Fez marking the start of the French protectorate.

How did Spain influence Moroccan history in the 20th century?

Spain controlled the northern and southern parts of Morocco, influencing politics and culture.

What role did Mohammed V play in the independence movement?

He worked to unite various nationalist groups against colonial rule and was pivotal in negotiations for independence.

What was the Green March?

A strategic mass protest in 1975 that sought to reclaim the Western Sahara from Spanish control.

How did World War II impact Moroccan nationalism?

It led to increased demands for independence due to global shifts in colonial attitudes.

When was Moroccan independence officially recognized by Spain in its controlled territories?

Also in 1956, similar to France.

How has the 1996 Moroccan Constitution impacted governance?

It established a bicameral legislature and reinforced democratic principles.

What economic changes did King Hassan II implement?

He modernized the economy, improving industries like phosphates, agriculture, and tourism.