Demographic Transition Model and Population Policies

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What is the Demographic Transition Model?

It is a model that describes population change over time through four stages.

What characterizes the first stage of the Demographic Transition Model?

Both birth and death rates are high, leading to a stable population.

During which stage of the Demographic Transition Model does the population start to grow rapidly?

The second stage, which is characterized by declining death rates.

What occurs in the third stage of the Demographic Transition Model?

Birth rates start to decline, causing the population growth to slow.

Describe the fourth stage of the Demographic Transition Model.

Both birth and death rates are low, stabilizing the population.

What is one potential future stage in the Demographic Transition Model?

A fifth stage where the birth rate drops below the death rate, causing population decline.

What was Singapore's antinatal policy?

Policies to reduce birth rates, including family planning and birth control incentives.

What societal issue did Singapore face that led to antinatal policies?

Overpopulation and strain on resources in the 1960s and 1970s.

How did Singapore encourage citizens to have more children in the 1980s?

By introducing pronatal policies like baby bonuses and tax incentives.

Why did Singapore shift to pronatal policies?

Due to concerns about an aging population and workforce shortage.

How has Singapore's population policy evolved over time?

Initially antinatal to control population, then pronatal to boost birth rates.

What is a baby bonus scheme?

A financial incentive provided to families for having more children.

What impact did Singapore's population policies have on its demographic structure?

There was a balanced approach to countering low birth rates and aging population.

What challenge does Singapore face with its current demographic trends?

Maintaining economic growth with a shrinking workforce.

What is the impact of low fertility rates in rapidly aging societies like Singapore?

Challenges in sustainability of pension systems and healthcare demands.