Developmental Psychology

What does developmental psychology study?

The growth and changes that occur in human beings throughout their lifespan.

Name Jean Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development.

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.

At what stage does object permanence develop, according to Piaget?

During the sensorimotor stage.

What is Erikson's stage of ‘Identity vs. Role Confusion’?

A stage of adolescence where teenagers explore their independence and sense of self.

What is attachment theory?

A theory in developmental psychology which proposes that children come into the world pre-programmed to form attachments with others, for survival.

Who is known for the concept of the ‘zone of proximal development’?

Lev Vygotsky.

Explain the term 'nature vs. nurture'.

The debate regarding the relative impact of genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) on individual behavior and personality.

What is a critical period in development?

A maturational stage in the lifespan of an organism during which the nervous system is especially sensitive to certain environmental stimuli.

Define 'teratogens'.

Agents, such as chemicals or viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

What is the importance of prenatal development in psychology?

It is crucial because it lays down the foundational patterns and structures for later growth and development.

Describe Kohlberg's stages of moral development.

Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional stages.

What age range does Piaget’s ‘preoperational’ stage cover?

Ages 2 to 7 years.

Which developmental milestone is typically reached at around 12 months?

Walking independently.

What is Bowlby’s theory related to?

Attachment in children and the bond between infants and their caregivers.

Identify a factor that influences childhood development other than genetics.

Social interactions and parental care influence childhood development.