A German physicist known for the quantum theory of light.
An American botanist famous for discovering photosynthesis.
A French naturalist known for his theory of evolution based on the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
A British chemist famous for developing the periodic table.
The theory of evolution proposed by Lamarck, suggesting that traits acquired during an organism's life can be passed on to offspring.
The study of the chemical composition of celestial bodies.
The process by which genetic information is transferred during cell division.
A theory in physics describing the forces of gravity.
Giraffes evolved long necks by natural selection favoring individuals with slightly longer necks.
Giraffes had long necks due to an inherent DNA coding present from the start.
Lamarck suggested that giraffes developed long necks because their ancestors stretched their necks to reach high leaves and that this trait was inherited by subsequent generations.
Giraffes' long necks were influenced by their diet and climate conditions.
The idea that genes are only expressed when they are needed.
Lamarck proposed that organisms could develop new structures through use or lose them through disuse during their lifetime.
The alteration of an organism's anatomy through natural disasters.
The concept that all traits are fixed from birth, regardless of environmental conditions.
It predicted the discovery of DNA as the basic unit of heredity.
It was the first theory to accurately describe the mechanism of natural selection.
Lamarck's theory was important for being one of the first scientific attempts to explain evolution, paving the way for future theories, including Darwin's.
It accurately explained genetic mutations.
Lamarck believed in acquired traits being hereditary, while Darwin proposed natural selection, where advantageous traits become more common in a population over time.
Lamarck thought species could interbreed freely, while Darwin believed in species isolation.
Lamarck focused on abiotic factors driving evolution, while Darwin considered biotic factors.
Lamarck proposed a fixed rate of evolution, whereas Darwin suggested variability.
The notion that an organism's experiences have no effect on genetic inheritance.
The principle that mutations in an organism can be transmitted through horizontal gene transfer.
It is the idea that organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring, a core principle of Lamarckism.
The proposal that only genetic characteristics are passed on during sexual reproduction.
They provided a foundation for developing atomic theory in physics.
Lamarck's ideas challenged the static view of species and promoted the notion of change and adaptation, influencing early 19th-century science.
They revolutionized the understanding of chemical reactions in biology.
They established evolutionary psychology as a valid field.
Main criticisms include the lack of evidence for inheritance of acquired traits, which contradicted genetic principles established later.
Lamarckism argued for the immutability of species, which was proven incorrect.
Lamarckism ignored environmental adaptations entirely.
It overemphasized random mutations as the main driver of evolution.
By establishing the field of forensic science.
Despite inaccuracies, Lamarck's work encouraged observation and speculation about species change, influencing scientists like Darwin.
By successfully predicting the structure of DNA.
Through publishing methods for cloning animals.
Lamarck suggested that life forms evolved from simpler to more complex forms over time, driven by an inherent drive towards complexity.
Complexity was seen as a random occurrence due to environmental pressures.
Life becomes simpler over time due to entropy.
All life started as complex organisms and simplified over time.
They were universally accepted without question.
Lamarck's ideas were met with skepticism during his lifetime as he lacked empirical evidence, and they conflicted with religious and scientific beliefs of the time.
They were ignored and had no impact on contemporary science.
They were implemented widely in industrial advancements.
On the Origin of Species.
Lamarck outlined his theories in his book 'Philosophie Zoologique', published in 1809.
Principles of Geology.
The Descent of Man.
Lamarck believed that changes in an organism's environment influence its needs and behavior, leading to changes in its structure over generations.
The environment had no effect on the evolutionary process.
Evolution is solely determined by genetic mutations regardless of the environment.
Only biotic factors are considered in environmental influence.
They are considered the cornerstone of modern evolutionary synthesis.
They remain the most accurate depiction of natural processes.
Lamarck's ideas are largely discredited in modern biology, but they remain a significant historical step towards understanding evolutionary processes.
They are used to explain astronomical phenomena rather than biological processes.