Fertilization Process

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What is fertilization?

Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell merges with an egg cell to form a zygote.

Where does fertilization occur in humans?

Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system.

What are gametes and their roles in fertilization?

Gametes are sex cells (sperm and egg) that carry genetic information and combine to form a zygote.

How does the sperm reach the egg during fertilization?

Sperm travel through the female reproductive tract to reach the fallopian tubes where the egg resides.

What is the acrosome reaction?

The acrosome reaction is when the sperm releases enzymes to penetrate the egg's outer layers.

What occurs if two sperm fertilize an egg?

If two sperm fertilize an egg, it results in a nonviable condition called polyspermy.

What is the zona pellucida?

The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer surrounding the egg cell, essential for sperm binding and preventing polyspermy.

What changes occur in the egg once fertilization is successful?

After fertilization, the egg undergoes changes to prevent additional sperm entry and begins cell division.

What is a zygote?

A zygote is the initial cell formed when two gametes merge during fertilization.

How does fertilization differ in plants?

In plants, fertilization involves pollen transferring and merging with ovules within the ovary.

What role do mitochondria play in fertilization?

Mitochondria provide energy for the sperm's journey to fertilize the egg.

What mechanisms prevent polyspermy?

The fertilized egg undergoes the cortical reaction to prevent multiple sperm from entering.

What is the role of enzymes in fertilization?

Enzymes help sperm penetrate the egg's protective layers during fertilization.

How does fertilization contribute to genetic diversity?

Fertilization mixes genetic material from two parents, contributing to genetic diversity.

What is the significance of syngamy in fertilization?

Syngamy is the fusion of sperm and egg nuclei, crucial for forming a zygote.

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