The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
Define enthalpy.
Enthalpy is a measure of the total heat content of a thermodynamic system at constant pressure.
What is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Describe what an isothermal process is.
An isothermal process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature.
What is internal energy?
Internal energy is the total energy contained within a system, including both kinetic and potential energy due to molecular motion.
How is work defined in thermodynamics?
In thermodynamics, work is defined as energy transferred when a force is applied over a distance, or during expansion/compression of a gas.
Explain what a system and its surroundings mean in thermodynamics.
In thermodynamics, a system is the part of the universe being studied, while the surroundings are everything else that interacts with the system.
What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Heat is energy in transfer between systems or objects with different temperatures, while temperature is a measure of thermal energy within a system.
What defines an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is one that occurs without transfer of heat or mass between a system and its surroundings.
Define specific heat capacity.
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
What is a reversible process in thermodynamics?
A reversible process is an idealized process that occurs infinitely slowly so that the system is always in thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings.
How does pressure relate to volume in Boyle's Law?
Boyle's Law states that at constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
What is an isobaric process?
An isobaric process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at a constant pressure.
Define the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
What role does entropy play in thermodynamics?
Entropy quantifies the degree of disorder or randomness in a system and predicts the direction of spontaneous processes.