Introduction to Acids

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What is an acid?

An acid is a substance that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons.

What are common properties of acids?

Acids typically taste sour, turn blue litmus paper red, and react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.

What is the pH range for acids?

The pH range for acids is 0 to less than 7.

Name three common acids found in the household.

Three common household acids are vinegar (acetic acid), lemon juice (citric acid), and stomach acid (hydrochloric acid).

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is HCl.

How do acids behave in water?

In water, acids dissociate to release hydrogen ions (H+).

What happens when acids react with bases?

When acids react with bases, they undergo neutralization, producing water and a salt.

What is a strong acid?

A strong acid is one that completely dissociates in water, releasing all its hydrogen ions.

Why are acids considered corrosive?

Acids are corrosive because they can donate protons, which can disrupt chemical bonds in materials.

What is the pH of pure water?

The pH of pure water is 7, which is neutral.

What is an example of a strong acid used in industry?

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an example of a strong acid used in industry.

What is an indicator used for measuring pH?

Litmus paper is a common indicator used to measure pH, as well as pH meters and universal indicator solutions.

What is an organic acid?

Organic acids are acids that contain carbon, such as acetic acid (vinegar) and citric acid.

How is acidity measured?

Acidity is measured using the pH scale, where lower pH indicates higher acidity.

What is the role of acids in the human stomach?

Acids in the stomach, particularly hydrochloric acid, aid in digestion and kill harmful bacteria.