Introduction to Antimicrobials

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What are antimicrobials?

Antimicrobials are agents that kill microorganisms or stop their growth.

What are the two main types of antimicrobials?

Antibiotics, which target bacteria, and antifungals, which target fungi.

What is an antibiotic?

An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial specifically used to treat bacterial infections.

Why are antifungals important?

Antifungals are important for treating infections caused by fungi, which can be serious if left untreated.

Can antimicrobials target viruses?

No, antimicrobials like antibiotics do not target viruses; antivirals are necessary for viral infections.

What is meant by 'antimicrobial resistance'?

Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microorganisms evolve to withstand the effects of antimicrobials meant to kill them.

How do antimicrobials work?

Antimicrobials work by disrupting essential processes such as cell wall synthesis or protein synthesis in microorganisms.

Why is it important to use antimicrobials responsibly?

Responsible use is important to prevent the development and spread of resistant strains of microorganisms.

What is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial?

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial is one that is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.

What is a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial?

A narrow-spectrum antimicrobial targets specific types of microorganisms.

What role does an antimicrobial stewardship program have in healthcare?

It promotes the responsible use of antimicrobials to improve patient outcomes and reduce resistance.

Name a common natural source of antimicrobials.

Penicillium mold, which naturally produces penicillin, an early antibiotic.

What is the purpose of using antiseptics?

Antiseptics are used to reduce or eliminate microorganisms on living tissues, like skin.

What is the difference between disinfectants and antiseptics?

Disinfectants are used on non-living surfaces to kill microorganisms, while antiseptics are used on living tissues.

What is an example of antimicrobial use in agriculture?

Antimicrobials are sometimes used in livestock to prevent disease and promote growth.