Medieval Military Tactics

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What was the primary infantry formation used by medieval armies?

The shield wall was a primary formation where soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder, overlapping their shields for protection.

How was cavalry used in medieval warfare?

Cavalry, especially knights, were used for charges to break enemy lines and pursue fleeing soldiers.

What role did archers play in medieval battles?

Archers, often using longbows or crossbows, provided ranged support, weakening enemy forces before melee combat.

What was a siege, and how was it conducted?

A siege involved surrounding a fortified location, cutting supplies, and using siege engines to breach walls.

What are trebuchets, and how did they work?

Trebuchets are large catapults that use a counterweight to launch projectiles at enemy fortifications.

What was the function of a moat in medieval defenses?

Moats were water-filled ditches surrounding castles to hinder enemy approach and prevent siege equipment use.

What significance did the Battle of Hastings (1066) have on military tactics?

The Battle of Hastings demonstrated the effectiveness of combined arms, including infantry, cavalry, and archers.

What were battering rams, and how did they function in sieges?

Battering rams were heavy logs used to break through gates or walls during sieges.

Which medieval battle exemplified the use of early gunpowder weapons?

The Battle of Crécy (1346) saw the introduction of cannons in battle.

How did feudalism affect the organization of medieval armies?

Feudalism structured armies based on vassalage, where lords provided knights and troops in exchange for land.

What were ballistas, and how were they different from catapults?

Ballistas were large crossbow-like siege weapons, used to launch bolts at enemy forces.

How was intelligence gathered during medieval warfare?

Scouts and spies were used to gather information about enemy positions, numbers, and movements.

What role did castles play in medieval military strategy?

Castles served as fortified centers of defense, administrative control, and protected retreats for nobility.

What were the key differences between a siege tower and a ladder in assaults?

A siege tower allowed troops to breach walls at higher points with protection, while ladders were simple and exposed soldiers.

How did naval warfare impact medieval military tactics?

Naval warfare allowed control of trade routes, sieges of coastal cities, and support for land campaigns.

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