What are the phases of the bacterial growth curve?
The phases are lag phase, log (exponential) phase, stationary phase, and death phase.
What are autoclaves used for in microbiology?
Autoclaves are used for sterilizing equipment and materials by using high-pressure saturated steam.
How do disinfectants work?
Disinfectants work by killing or inactivating microorganisms on surfaces to prevent infection.
What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection?
Sterilization is the complete elimination of all microorganisms and their spores, while disinfection reduces the number of pathogenic microorganisms to a safe level.
What is an antiseptic?
An antiseptic is a substance used to prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms on living tissue.
What factors can influence microbial growth?
Factors include temperature, pH, oxygen availability, and nutrient concentration.
What is pasteurization?
Pasteurization is the process of heating food and liquids to destroy harmful microorganisms without altering the product's quality.
How do antibiotics target bacterial cells?
Antibiotics target bacterial cells by interfering with processes such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, or DNA replication.
What is antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics.
What is a culture medium?
A culture medium is a nutrient solution used to grow microorganisms in a laboratory setting.
What is a colony-forming unit (CFU)?
A colony-forming unit is a measure used to estimate the number of viable bacterial or fungal cells in a sample.
What is the purpose of a streak plate method?
The streak plate method is used to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microorganism.
What is fungicide?
A fungicide is a chemical compound used to kill or inhibit the growth of fungi.
What is quorum sensing?
Quorum sensing is a process by which bacteria communicate using chemical signals to coordinate group behavior.
Why is it important to complete an antibiotic course?
Completing an antibiotic course ensures the full elimination of the infection and helps prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.