Filamentous, amorphous, rhomboidal
Spherical, cuboidal, toroidal
Ovoid, triangular, hexagonal
Cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), spirilla (spiral)
Provides structural support and protection to the cell
Attaches bacteria to surfaces
Serves as a platform for protein synthesis
Helps in DNA replication
Hair-like structures that help in attachment to surfaces and in conjugation
Flagella that enable bacteria to swim
Thick walls that protect against antibiotics
Circular DNA elements within bacteria
They maintain cell shape
They help in cell division
They are responsible for protein synthesis
They convert DNA to RNA
The region in prokaryotic cells where the genetic material (DNA) is located
A protein layer surrounding certain viruses
A cell wall component that provides rigidity
A structure involved in encoding ribosomal RNA
They provide cellular energy production
They are tail-like structures that enable bacteria to move
They facilitate genetic exchange in conjugation
They protect bacteria from dehydration
Highly resistant structures formed by some bacteria to survive extreme conditions
Regions of active DNA replication
Structures used for bacterial nutrition
Protein complexes that mediate cell adhesion
Fusion of two bacterial cells into one
The process by which bacteria reproduce, dividing into two identical cells
A method for bacterial environmental adaptation
A cycle of bacterial dormancy and activation
Absorb nutrients from organic matter in their environment
Take up inorganic phosphate through vesicles
Utilize photosynthesis for energy production
Convert nitrogen into organic compounds using enzymes
Infectious agents composed of protein that cause neurodegenerative diseases
RNA molecules involved in gene regulation
Bacterial structures for motility
Lipids involved in cell membrane structure
Yeast are aerobic, molds are anaerobic
Yeast form spores, molds do not
Yeast are unicellular fungi, while molds are multicellular
Yeast and molds are both unicellular fungi
A lipid membrane that surrounds some viruses, aiding in infection
A protein layer inside the viral genome
A sticky layer of polysaccharides
An external shell of cellular calcium
Parasites rely on a host for sustenance and often cause harm to it
Parasites can synthesize their own food
Free-living organisms replicate inside a host
Parasites live independently without a host
A small, circular piece of DNA in bacteria, separate from chromosomal DNA
A lipid droplet involved in metabolism
The main structure of bacterial flagella
A protein anchor in the cell wall
Complex communities of microorganisms attached to surfaces
Substances absorbed by fungi for nutrition
Proteins that help bacteria move
Cells that undergo rapid binary fission