Modern Middle East: Political Developments

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What triggered the Arab Spring and what were its outcomes?

The Arab Spring was triggered by the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia in 2010, leading to widespread protests demanding democratic reforms in many Middle Eastern countries.

How has the role of the United States in the Middle East evolved in the 21st century?

The United States has shifted its focus from direct military interventions to more diplomatic and strategic partnerships, although it remains actively involved due to conflicts, oil interests, and terrorism concerns.

What was the significance of the Iran Nuclear Deal?

The 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal was aimed at curbing Iran's nuclear capabilities in exchange for lifting economic sanctions, thereby reducing regional tensions.

What is the impact of Turkey's policy under President Erdogan on regional politics?

Under President Erdogan, Turkey has pursued a more assertive foreign policy, involving military interventions and diplomatic influence in Syria, Libya, and the Eastern Mediterranean.

What are the ongoing impacts of the Syrian Civil War on the Middle East?

The Syrian Civil War, ongoing since 2011, has led to regional instability, a massive refugee crisis, and interventions by multiple foreign powers, further complicating Middle Eastern geopolitics.

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