Non-metals are elements with no metallic properties, which are found on the right side of the periodic table.
Name three properties common to most non-metals.
Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity, have low density, and are brittle in solid form.
Which non-metal is essential for life and found in the atmosphere?
Oxygen is essential for life and is found abundantly in the atmosphere.
Why are non-metals poor conductors of electricity?
Non-metals are poor conductors because they lack free electrons to carry an electric charge.
What is the most abundant non-metal in the Earth’s atmosphere?
Nitrogen is the most abundant non-metal in the Earth’s atmosphere.
What is carbon's role in biological systems?
Carbon is a fundamental component of life's organic molecules, including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
Which non-metal is known for its disinfectant properties?
Chlorine is known for its disinfectant properties, especially in water treatment.
How does the structure of diamond differ from graphite?
Diamond has a tetrahedral structure where each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbons, while graphite has a planar structure of carbon atoms bonded in layers.
Name two applications of nitrogen.
Nitrogen is used in fertilizers and as a refrigerant in its liquid form.
What is the primary industrial use of sulfur?
Sulfur is primarily used in the production of sulfuric acid, one of the most important industrial chemicals.
Which non-metal is commonly associated with acids and bases?
Sulfur is associated with acids, such as sulfuric acid, while phosphorus is often found in bases and detergents.
How do non-metals typically react with metals?
Non-metals typically gain electrons from metals to form ionic bonds.
What is the role of iodine in the human body?
Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.
Which non-metal is essential in the synthesis of DNA and RNA?
Phosphorus is essential for the synthesis of DNA and RNA.