Photosynthesis and Transport

Click on the flashcard to see the answer

What is the purpose of photosynthesis in plants?

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen as byproducts.

Explain the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis.

The light-dependent reactions convert solar energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH.

Describe the Calvin cycle.

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.

What role do chlorophyll pigments play in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll pigments absorb light, predominantly from the blue and red wavelengths, facilitating photosynthesis.

What is transpiration in plants?

Transpiration is the process of water movement through plants and its evaporation from aerial parts, mainly leaves.

How do guard cells regulate transpiration?

Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata, thereby regulating the rate of transpiration.

What is the function of the phloem sieve plates?

Phloem sieve plates facilitate the flow of nutrients and sugars between phloem cells.

Explain photoperiodism in plants.

Photoperiodism is the physiological response of plants to the length of day or night, influencing flowering and other critical processes.

Describe the stages of seed germination.

Seed germination involves imbibition, embryo swelling, radicle emergence, and subsequent seedling growth.

Why is C4 photosynthesis advantageous in certain environments?

C4 photosynthesis enhances water use efficiency and reduces photorespiration, benefiting plants in hot, dry environments.

How does CAM photosynthesis differ from C3 and C4 methods?

CAM photosynthesis involves opening stomata at night to reduce water loss in arid environments.

What is the significance of root pressure in water transport?

Root pressure assists in the upward movement of water within the xylem during periods of low transpiration.

What causes the cohesion-tension theory to facilitate water movement in plants?

The cohesion-tension theory involves water molecule cohesion and evaporation-induced tension pulling water up the xylem.

How do plants adapt to high-salinity environments?

Plants in high-salinity environments adapt through salt exclusion, excretion, compartmentalization, and osmotic balance.

What is the role of the palisade and spongy mesophyll?

Palisade mesophyll aids in photosynthesis with tightly packed chloroplasts; spongy mesophyll facilitates gas exchange with air spaces.

Understand Better