Replace '-a' with '-y' or '-e'.
Add '-ki' or '-ki' depending on the type.
Typically, add '-owie' or '-i' to the stem, depending on the noun.
Replace '-o' with '-a' for neuter nouns.
Change '-o' to '-a'.
Replace '-a' with '-y' or '-e'.
Add '-owie' or '-i' to the stem, depending on the noun.
End the noun with '-ki'.
dziadkowie
dziecka
dziecka
dzieci
Add '-owie' to the ending.
Replace '-o' with '-a' for neuter nouns.
Eliminate the '-o' and add '-y' or '-e'.
Simply add '-i' at the end.
For masculine personal nouns, typically add '-owie' or change the ending to '-i'.
Add '-ki' to the end.
No change is made.
They end with '-a.'
All nouns form plurals by adding '-ie'.
There is no distinction in endings for singular and plural forms.
Masculine personal nouns often have a distinct plural ending compared to non-personal nouns.
Plural forms always retain the original noun's ending.
Adjectives remain unaffected by plurality.
Adjectives change to have '-owie' ending.
They simply drop their original ending.
Adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they describe.
kocury
koty
katy
kotowie
książki
książe
książkia
księża
Replace endings with '-y' or '-e'.
Usually add just '-a'.
Add '-ka' or leave unchanged.
Often, '-owie' or '-i' is added, depending on whether the noun is personal.
miastał
miasta
miastowie
miastki
They follow a strict pattern similar to neuter nouns.
Some nouns have completely different plural forms that need to be memorized, such as 'człowiek' (man) to 'ludzie' (people).
Irregular nouns add '-ówek'.
They often end with '-ka' in plural.
They only affect the use of pronouns.
They eliminate the need for verb conjugation.
They affect noun-adjective agreement and verb conjugation.
They only alter place names.
stołył
stolki
stoły
stołowie
It ensures that all plurals end with '-o.'
Changes in the stem vowels may occur when forming plurals to maintain harmony.
Vowel harmony simplifies all plurals to '-i.'
There is no impact of vowel harmony on plurals.