Normal salts are formed when all the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions. They typically do not have any replaceable hydrogen.
What are acidic salts?
Acidic salts are formed when not all the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced, leaving some replaceable hydrogen ions in the molecule.
Define basic salts.
Basic salts are formed when a base is not completely neutralized by an acid and still contains a hydroxyl group.
Explain the formation of double salts.
Double salts are crystalline compounds containing two different salts which crystallize together in a fixed proportion, though they are not chemical compounds in water.
What are complex salts?
Complex salts contain a central metal ion bonded to a group of molecules or ions, typically forming complex ions.
Describe the process of preparing soluble salts.
Soluble salts can be prepared by the reaction of acids with metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates followed by crystallization.
How can soluble salts be recovered?
Soluble salts can be recovered from a solution by evaporating the solvent, often followed by crystallization.
What is crystallization in the context of salts?
Crystallization is the process of forming solid crystals from a homogeneous solution wherein the solvent is evaporated.
Define efflorescence.
Efflorescence is the process where hydrated salts lose water of crystallization when exposed to air, forming a powdery surface.
What does deliquescence mean?
Deliquescence is a phenomenon where a substance absorbs moisture from the air and dissolves in it to form a solution.
Explain the role of hygroscopic substances.
Hygroscopic substances absorb moisture from the air but do not dissolve; they are often used as drying agents.
What is the function of drying agents?
Drying agents absorb moisture from the surroundings to maintain dryness for a process or stored products.
Provide an example of a chemical equation involving a salt.
An example is: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O. This equation shows the neutralization of a strong base with a strong acid to form a normal salt.
How do chemical reactions involving salts differ from others?
Reactions involving salts often involve neutralization and result in the formation of ionic compounds and water.
What is a calculation example involving salts?
An example calculation could involve determining the molarity of a salt solution, such as finding molarity when 58.5 g of NaCl is dissolved to make 1 L of solution (1 M NaCl).