What is the 'zone of proximal development' in educational psychology?
The zone of proximal development is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance.
Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, and what does it suggest?
Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that intelligence is multi-faceted, including abilities like musical, spatial, and interpersonal.
How does intrinsic motivation affect learning?
Intrinsic motivation enhances learning by making students more willing to engage in tasks for personal reward, fostering deeper understanding and retention.
What role do cognitive biases play in learning processes?
Cognitive biases can distort thinking and perception, influencing decision-making and problem-solving, potentially hindering effective learning.
How does the 'spacing effect' improve learning?
The spacing effect suggests that learning is more effective when study sessions are spaced out over time, rather than crammed in a short period.
What is constructivism in the context of learning theories?
Constructivism is a theory suggesting learners construct knowledge through experiences and reflections, actively engaging in the learning process.
How is Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning relevant to education?
Pavlov's classical conditioning is used in education to create positive associations with learning environments and routines.
What is the impact of fixed versus growth mindsets on student achievement?
Students with a growth mindset believe abilities can be developed through effort, leading to higher achievement and persistence compared to a fixed mindset.
What is the 'forgetting curve' and its implications in education?
The forgetting curve illustrates how information is lost over time when there is no attempt to retain it; it emphasizes the need for review and reinforcement in learning.
How does scaffolding support learning?
Scaffolding provides temporary support that helps learners accomplish tasks they cannot complete independently, gradually removed as proficiency increases.
What is Bloom's Taxonomy, and how is it used in education?
Bloom's Taxonomy is a framework for categorizing educational goals into levels of complexity, aiding in curriculum development and assessment design.
What is experiential learning, as defined by Kolb?
Experiential learning, as defined by Kolb, is a process where learning occurs through experience, forming concepts and applying them in new situations.
How does social learning theory explain the acquisition of knowledge?
Social learning theory, proposed by Bandura, asserts that people learn from observing others, imitating behaviors, and noting the consequences of those actions.
What effect does anxiety have on the learning process?
Anxiety can negatively affect learning by impairing attention and working memory, reducing the ability to absorb and process information.
How does the Rosenthal effect impact student performance?
The Rosenthal effect, or teacher expectancy effect, refers to the phenomenon where higher expectations from teachers lead to improved student performance.