States of Matter and Mixtures

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What are the three states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

What is the main characteristic of a solid?

Particles are closely packed in a fixed position, giving it a definite shape and volume.

How do particles in a liquid behave?

They are closely packed but can move past each other, allowing the liquid to flow and take the shape of its container.

What is a gas?

A state of matter where particles are well separated with no regular arrangement, allowing it to fill the entire volume of its container.

What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more substances where each retains its own properties and can be physically separated.

Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture.

A salad, where the different ingredients (lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers) can be seen and separated.

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout, such as salt dissolved in water.

What method can be used to separate a solid from a liquid in a mixture?

Filtration.

Which separation method is based on boiling points?

Distillation, where components with different boiling points are separated.

What is sublimation?

The process where a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state, such as dry ice turning into carbon dioxide gas.

What is meant by the term 'solubility'?

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, forming a solution.

What substance is known as the 'universal solvent'?

Water, because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.

How can you separate dyes in ink?

Using chromatography, which separates components based on their movement through a medium.

What is evaporation in terms of mixtures?

The process of turning liquid into vapor, which can be used to separate a solvent from a solute.

Name one factor that affects the rate of dissolving.

Temperature; increasing temperature generally increases the dissolving rate of solids in liquids.