The compass and papyrus writing.
The abacus and metallurgy.
The wheel and cuneiform writing.
The plow and hieroglyphics.
In the Sahara Desert region.
In the southern part of Mesopotamia, near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
In the Indus Valley, near the Ganges river.
In the Nile Delta, east of the Sahara.
City-states, each with its own ruler.
A unified monarchy under one king.
A feudal system with lords and peasants.
Democratic republic with elected leaders.
Ziggurats were temple complexes for religious rituals.
Ziggurats were used as military fortresses.
Ziggurats served as marketplaces for trade.
Ziggurats were schools for scribes.
The creation of Magna Carta.
The formulation of Hammurabi's code.
They contributed the earliest known law code, the Code of Ur-Nammu.
The establishment of maritime law codes.