Urbanization is the process by which rural areas transform into urban areas, often resulting in the growth of cities.
What does 'infrastructure' refer to in the context of urbanization?
Infrastructure refers to the basic physical systems and structures that a city needs to operate, such as roads, bridges, and public utilities.
Define 'metropolis'.
A metropolis is a large and densely populated urban area that serves as an important economic, cultural, and political center within a region.
Explain the term 'suburbanization'.
Suburbanization is the process of population movement from within cities to the rural-urban fringe, leading to the growth of residential areas outside traditional urban centers.
What are 'megacities' and provide an example.
Megacities are extremely large cities with a population of over 10 million. An example is Tokyo, Japan.
What is meant by 'urban sprawl'?
Urban sprawl refers to the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding regions, often characterized by low-density and car-dependent development.
Define 'demographic transition'.
Demographic transition is a model that describes the change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops.
What does the term 'gentrification' imply?
Gentrification is the process in which higher-income individuals move into a previously lower-income neighborhood, leading to increased property values and displacement of existing residents.
Explain the concept of 'urban renewal'.
Urban renewal is the process of redeveloping or revitalizing an area to improve its infrastructure, economy, and living conditions.
What is a 'slum'?
A slum is a densely populated urban area characterized by substandard housing, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of basic services.
Define 'sustainability' in urban contexts.
Sustainability in urban contexts refers to designing and managing cities in ways that balance economic growth, environmental health, and social equity for future generations.
Describe the process of 'deurbanization'.
Deurbanization is the process where people move from urban areas to rural areas, contrary to urbanization, often seen in regions facing economic decline.
What is 'zoning' in city planning?
Zoning refers to municipal or local government laws that dictate how land in specific areas can be used, such as residential, commercial, or industrial purposes.
What does 'smart growth' entail in urban planning?
Smart growth involves planning and managing urban expansion sustainably to minimize environmental impacts and reduce resource waste.
Explain the term 'urban heat island'.
Urban heat island is a phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures than their surrounding rural areas due to human activities and dense infrastructure.