Acid-Base Chemistry

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What is an acid?
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An acid is a substance that donates protons (H+) and typically has a pH less than 7.
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What is a base?
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A base is a substance that accepts protons (H+) and usually has a pH greater than 7.
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What is the pH scale?
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The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.
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What is a neutralization reaction?
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A reaction between an acid and a base, producing water and a salt.
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What is a conjugate acid-base pair?
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Two species that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton.
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What is a strong acid?
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An acid that completely ionizes in solution.
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What is a weak acid?
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An acid that partially ionizes in solution.
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What is the Bronsted-Lowry theory?
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It defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors.
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What is the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases?
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Acids increase H+ ions, and bases increase OH- ions in solution.
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What role does water play in acid-base reactions?
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Water acts as an amphoteric solvent, able to act as both an acid and a base.
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What is the autoionization of water?
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The self-ionization of water into H3O+ and OH- ions.
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Why is the pH of pure water 7?
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Because concentrations of H+ and OH- ions are equal, each at 1x10^-7 M.
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What is the pH range for acidic solutions?
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0 to less than 7 on the pH scale.
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What is the importance of buffers?
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Buffers resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added.
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How is pH calculated?
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pH is calculated as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration: pH = -log[H+].
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