Acids and Bases: Basic Concepts

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What is an acid in terms of the Arrhenius definition?
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An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water.
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Define a base according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory.
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A base is a substance that can accept protons (H⁺ ions).
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What is the pH scale range, and what does it measure?
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The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
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What pH values are considered neutral, acidic, and basic?
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A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic.
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What is the pH of pure water?
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The pH of pure water is 7.
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Give an example of a strong acid and a strong base.
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A strong acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), and a strong base is sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
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What property is common to all acids in their reaction with metals?
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Acids typically react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
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What is a common property of bases in relation to acids?
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Bases can neutralize acids, forming water and a salt.
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What is litmus paper used for?
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Litmus paper is used to test whether a solution is acidic or basic.
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What color does blue litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?
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Blue litmus paper turns red in an acidic solution.
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What color does red litmus paper turn in a basic solution?
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Red litmus paper turns blue in a basic solution.
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What is a neutralization reaction?
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It is a chemical reaction where an acid and a base react to form water and a salt.
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What is a conjugate acid-base pair?
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A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two substances that transform into each other by the gain or loss of a proton.
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What are amphoteric substances?
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Amphoteric substances can act as both acids and bases.
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Provide an example of an amphoteric substance.
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Water (H₂O) is an example of an amphoteric substance.
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