Acids, Bases, and Indicators

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What is an acid?
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An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H$^+$) when dissolved in water. It has a pH less than 7.
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What is a base?
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A base is a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH$^-$) when dissolved in water. It has a pH greater than 7.
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What is the pH of a neutral solution?
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The pH of a neutral solution is 7.
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Name an example of a common acid.
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Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a common example of an acid.
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Name an example of a common base.
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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a common example of a base.
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What color does litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?
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In an acidic solution, blue litmus paper turns red.
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What color does litmus paper turn in a basic solution?
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In a basic solution, red litmus paper turns blue.
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What is an indicator?
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An indicator is a substance that changes color to show whether a solution is acidic or basic.
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Name an example of a natural indicator.
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Red cabbage juice is an example of a natural indicator.
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What is the main characteristic of a strong acid?
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A strong acid completely dissociates into its ions in a solution.
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What is the main characteristic of a weak acid?
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A weak acid only partially dissociates into its ions in a solution.
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How does a universal indicator work?
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A universal indicator changes color over a range of pH levels to indicate the acidity or basicity of a substance.
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What pH range is considered acidic?
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A pH range less than 7 is considered acidic.
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What pH range is considered basic (alkaline)?
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A pH range greater than 7 is considered basic or alkaline.
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What happens when an acid is mixed with a base?
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When an acid is mixed with a base, they neutralize each other, forming water and a salt.
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What is a common effect of acids on metals?
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Acids often react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
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What does the pH scale measure?
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The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a solution.
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What color does phenolphthalein turn in a basic solution?
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Phenolphthalein turns pink in a basic solution.
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What color does methyl orange turn in an acidic solution?
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Methyl orange turns red in an acidic solution.
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What is a qualitative test to differentiate acids from bases?
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Using litmus paper can qualitatively show whether a solution is an acid or a base.
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