Alloys Study Flashcards

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What is an alloy?
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An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, where at least one is a metal. The resulting substance has metallic properties.
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Name two main types of alloys.
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The two main types of alloys are substitutional alloys and interstitial alloys.
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What is a substitutional alloy?
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A substitutional alloy is one where atoms of the elements replacing each other are of similar size.
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What is an interstitial alloy?
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An interstitial alloy occurs when smaller atoms fit into the spaces (interstices) between the larger metal atoms.
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Give an example of a substitutional alloy.
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An example of a substitutional alloy is brass, which is composed of copper and zinc.
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Provide an example of an interstitial alloy.
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Steel is an example of an interstitial alloy, where carbon atoms fit into the interstices of iron atoms.
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List three common uses of alloys.
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Alloys are used in construction (e.g., steel), manufacturing of coins (e.g., copper-nickel), and making jewelry (e.g., gold alloys).
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What are some applications of titanium alloys?
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Titanium alloys are used in aerospace applications, medical implants, and chemical processing due to their strength and resistance to corrosion.
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Describe the composition and use of bronze.
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Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, used in making sculptures, medals, and musical instruments.
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What are some properties that make alloys useful?
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Alloys often have enhanced strength, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and heat resistance compared to pure metals.
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How does the addition of carbon improve iron in steel?
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Carbon increases the hardness and strength of iron when forming steel, making it more durable.
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Why is stainless steel ideal for use in kitchenware?
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Stainless steel is corrosion-resistant, durable, and easy to clean, making it ideal for kitchenware.
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What is the main difference in physical properties between alloys and pure metals?
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Alloys typically have improved mechanical properties such as strength and hardness compared to pure metals.
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Name one advantage of alloys in construction.
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Alloys, like steel, provide superior tensile strength which is advantageous in construction for supporting large structures.
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Compare the electrical conductivity of alloys and pure metals.
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Generally, pure metals have higher electrical conductivity than alloys because the presence of different atoms in alloys can scatter electrons.
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What is a notable characteristic of pewter as an alloy?
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Pewter, primarily an alloy of tin, is known for its low melting point and ease of casting, making it ideal for decorative objects.
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Why are alloys like duralumin used in the aviation industry?
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Duralumin, an alloy made primarily of aluminum, is lightweight and high in strength, making it suitable for aerospace structures.
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How does brass differ from copper in terms of properties?
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Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is more malleable and has a lower melting point than copper, making it easier to shape and cast.
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Explain why resistance to corrosion is important for marine applications.
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Resistance to corrosion prevents deterioration of materials exposed to seawater, thereby extending the lifespan of marine vessels and structures.
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What is amalgam, and where is it used?
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Amalgam is an alloy of mercury with other metals like silver or tin, commonly used in dental fillings due to its pliability and durability.
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