Antibiotic Mechanisms

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What are antibiotics?
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Antibiotics are substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria to treat infections.
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How do beta-lactam antibiotics work?
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Beta-lactam antibiotics interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis.
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What is the mechanism of action for macrolide antibiotics?
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Macrolides inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome.
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How do tetracycline antibiotics function?
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Tetracyclines prevent protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.
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What is the mode of action for fluoroquinolone antibiotics?
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Fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
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How do aminoglycoside antibiotics work against bacteria?
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Aminoglycosides bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA.
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What is the action mechanism of sulfonamide antibiotics?
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Sulfonamides inhibit folic acid synthesis by blocking PABA conversion.
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Explain the mechanism of vancomycin.
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Vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine termini of peptidoglycan precursors.
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How does chloramphenicol exert its antibiotic effect?
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Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.
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What is the function of polymyxins?
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Polymyxins disrupt bacterial cell membrane integrity leading to cell death.
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How do oxazolidinones like linezolid work as antibiotics?
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Oxazolidinones inhibit protein synthesis by preventing the formation of the initiation complex in bacterial ribosomes.
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Describe the action of Rifamycins.
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Rifamycins inhibit bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase.
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What are lincosamide antibiotics and their mechanism?
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Lincosamides inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.
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Explain the role of Daptomycin in bacterial inhibition.
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Daptomycin disrupts bacterial cell membrane function by depolarizing it.
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How do imidazole antibiotics like metronidazole work?
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Imidazoles disrupt DNA function by forming toxic radicals that damage bacterial DNA.
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