Atomic Structure Fundamentals

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What is the central part of an atom called?
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The central part of an atom is called the nucleus.
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What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
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Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.
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What is the charge of a proton?
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A proton carries a positive charge (+1).
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What particle orbits the nucleus of an atom?
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Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom.
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What is the relative size of an electron compared to a proton?
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An electron is about 1/1836 the mass of a proton.
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What determines the atomic number of an element?
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The atomic number is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus.
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What is an isotope?
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Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
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How many electrons can the first shell of an atom hold?
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The first shell of an atom can hold up to 2 electrons.
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What is the mass number of an atom?
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The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
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What are valence electrons?
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Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
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What is the significance of the periodic table in understanding atomic structure?
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The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number, showing periodic trends in properties.
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What are ions?
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Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charge.
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How does electron configuration relate to periodic table groups?
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Elements in the same group have similar valence electron configurations, affecting their chemical properties.
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What is a compound made of sodium and chlorine commonly known as?
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A compound made of sodium and chlorine is commonly known as table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl).
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Why are noble gases inert?
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Noble gases are inert because their outer electron shell is full, providing stability.
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