Basics of Mendelian Genetics

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Who is considered the father of genetics?
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Gregor Mendel is considered the father of genetics.
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What are Mendel's Laws of Inheritance?
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Mendel's Laws are the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment.
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What is an allele?
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An allele is a variant form of a gene.
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What does 'dominant allele' mean?
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A dominant allele is an allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.
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What is a genotype?
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A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism in terms of its alleles.
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What is a phenotype?
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A phenotype is the observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
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What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
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A Punnett square is used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
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What is the Law of Segregation?
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The Law of Segregation states that two alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation.
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What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
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The Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles for different traits can segregate independently during gamete formation.
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What is a homozygous genotype?
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A homozygous genotype has two identical alleles for a particular gene.
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What is a heterozygous genotype?
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A heterozygous genotype has two different alleles for a particular gene.
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What is a recessive allele?
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A recessive allele is an allele that is masked by a dominant allele and only expressed in a homozygous condition.
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What did Mendel use to conduct his genetic experiments?
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Mendel used pea plants for his genetic experiments.
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What is meant by a 'monohybrid cross'?
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A monohybrid cross involves the study of a single gene with different alleles from two organisms.
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What is 'true breeding' in genetics?
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True breeding refers to organisms that consistently pass down specific phenotypic traits to offspring.
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