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What is the significance of monoclonal antibodies in medicine?
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Monoclonal antibodies are used to target and neutralize specific pathogens or cancer cells.
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Explain the term 'personalized medicine.'
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Personalized medicine involves tailoring medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient, often by using genetic information.
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What are stem cells and their use in biotechnology?
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can develop into different cell types. They are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues.
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What is insulin and how is it produced biotechnologically?
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Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. It is produced using recombinant DNA technology in genetically modified bacteria.
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Name an example of a vaccine developed using biotechnology.
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The hepatitis B vaccine is an example, produced by integrating the viral gene into yeast cells to produce the antigen.
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What is pharmacogenomics?
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Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs, allowing for more effective and safer drug prescriptions.
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How does biotechnology assist in cancer treatment?
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Biotechnology assists in cancer treatment by developing targeted therapies, such as immunotherapy and gene therapy, which attack cancer cells specifically.
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Explain the concept of bioinformatics.
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Bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, and information technology to analyze and interpret biological data, especially genetic data.
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What role does biotechnology play in developing diagnostic tests?
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Biotechnology enables the development of rapid and accurate diagnostic tests using techniques like RT-PCR.
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What is a 'biomarker' and its importance in medicine?
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A biomarker is a biological molecule found in blood or tissues that indicates a normal or pathological process or disease state, crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Describe one example of a biotechnological advancement in mental health care.
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Advanced imaging techniques and genetic research have improved the understanding and treatment of mental health disorders.
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What biotechnological method is used for prenatal testing?
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Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) analyzes small fragments of fetal DNA circulating in a pregnant woman's blood.
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How is biotechnology used in surgical procedures?
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Biotechnology has advanced surgical tools and techniques, such as using biomaterials for implants and tissue engineering for grafts.
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What is the role of biotechnology in infectious disease control?
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Biotechnology plays a role in infectious disease control by developing vaccines, diagnostic tests, and antiviral drugs.
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Name one biotechnology method used to enhance organ transplants.
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3D bioprinting is used to produce organ tissues, potentially enhancing organ transplants and reducing rejection rates.
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