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What is the historical significance of Nalanda in East India?
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Nalanda, established in the 5th century, is one of the earliest and most significant Buddhist centers of learning and monastic university.
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Where is the ancient site of Vikramashila located?
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Vikramashila is located in the Bhagalpur district of Bihar, East India.
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What was the primary focus of the studies at Nalanda University?
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Nalanda University focused on various disciplines including Mahayana Buddhism, logic, mathematics, medicine, and arts.
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How did Pala kings contribute to the spread of Buddhism in East India?
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The Pala kings were patrons of Buddhism, establishing major centers like Nalanda and Vikramashila, and sponsored missions spreading Buddhism to Tibet and Southeast Asia.
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What led to the decline of these Buddhist centers in East India?
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The decline of these centers was due to invasions by Muslim forces in the late 12th century, which caused significant destruction and suppression of Buddhism.
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What was the role of the Tabo Monastery in Buddhist education?
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While Tabo is not in East India, it was an important monastic complex located in the Spiti Valley of India, considered the 'Ajanta of the Himalayas'.
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How did Nalanda attract international scholars?
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Nalanda's diverse curriculum, prestigious faculty, and patronage by powerful dynasties made it a center of attraction for scholars from Tibet, China, Korea, and Central Asia.
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What archaeological evidence remains of Vikramashila?
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Archaeological evidence includes the remains of a fortified monastery complex with stupas, shrines, and numerous residential cells for monks.
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Who was Xuanzang and what was his contribution to Nalanda's history?
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Xuanzang was a Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled to Nalanda in the 7th century. His detailed accounts provide valuable insight into its operations.
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Which important scholars were associated with Nalanda?
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Notable scholars include Nagarjuna, Aryadeva, and Dharmapala who contributed significantly to Buddhist doctrine and philosophy.
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How did the discovery of the ancient library of Nalanda impact our understanding of its history?
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The discovery of the Nalanda library ruins and manuscripts has provided insight into the range of studies conducted and the advanced nature of the institution.
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What architectural features distinguish Nalanda and Vikramashila?
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Both centers featured impressive stupa structures, monastic cells, classrooms, and assembly halls, reflective of sophisticated architectural design.
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What impact did the decline of Buddhist centers in East India have on global Buddhism?
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The decline led to a significant reduction in the spread and development of Buddhist scholarship, impacting its practices and teachings worldwide.
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How do modern efforts aim to revive Nalanda's legacy?
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Initiatives include the establishment of Nalanda University in 2010 to revive its historical legacy as a center for higher learning and cultural exchange.
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What influence did Tibetan scholars have on Nalanda?
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Tibetan scholars, influenced by Nalanda teachings, contributed significantly to the spread and preservation of Buddhism in Tibet.
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