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What was the Ancien Régime?
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The Ancien Régime was the political and social system of France prior to the French Revolution, characterized by absolute monarchy and feudal privileges for the nobility and clergy.
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What financial crisis contributed to the French Revolution?
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The French government was deeply in debt due to costly wars, including the American Revolution, and extravagant spending by the monarchy.
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How did the Enlightenment influence the French Revolution?
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The Enlightenment ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity inspired revolutionary thought and challenged the traditional authority of the monarchy and church.
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What role did social inequality play in the French Revolution?
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The vast social inequality between the privileged estates (nobility and clergy) and the Third Estate (common people) fueled resentment and demands for reform.
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What was the significance of the Estates-General in 1789?
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The Estates-General was called by King Louis XVI to address financial issues, but it exposed the underlying social and political tensions, becoming a catalyst for revolution.
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How did poor harvests influence the French Revolution?
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Poor harvests in the late 1780s led to food shortages and high bread prices, causing hardship for the peasantry and urban poor and increasing unrest.
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Why was taxation a cause of the French Revolution?
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The inequitable tax system heavily burdened the Third Estate, while the clergy and nobility were largely exempt, leading to widespread discontent.
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What impact did the American Revolution have on France?
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France's involvement in the American Revolution increased its debt and demonstrated the potential for successful revolution against a monarchy, inspiring French revolutionaries.
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What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
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The Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, is widely regarded as the beginning of the French Revolution.
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How did King Louis XVI attempt to solve the financial crisis?
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He attempted to impose new taxes and called the Estates-General to convene for the first time in over a century.
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Who were the bourgeoisie, and what was their role in the Revolution?
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The bourgeoisie were the middle-class merchants and professionals who became key leaders and supporters of the revolutionary movement.
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What was the impact of the Financial Comptroller General's report?
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Jacques Necker's report exposed the financial mismanagement of the monarchy, leading to public outrage.
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How did the nobility respond to proposed tax reforms?
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The nobility resisted tax reforms, fearing loss of privileges, which added to the tensions with the Third Estate.
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Who were the philosophes and what was their influence?
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Philosophes were Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire and Rousseau, who advocated for reason and reform, influencing revolutionary ideas.
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What was the Tennis Court Oath?
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The Tennis Court Oath was a vow by members of the Third Estate not to disband until a new constitution was established for France.
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