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What economic factor drove European countries to begin the transatlantic slave trade?
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European countries needed a large labor force to work on American plantations, particularly for cash crops like sugar, cotton, and tobacco.
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How did technological advancements contribute to the transatlantic slave trade?
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Improvements in shipbuilding and navigation enabled longer and more reliable ocean voyages, facilitating the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean.
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What role did European colonization play in the rise of the transatlantic slave trade?
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The establishment of European colonies in the Americas created a demand for labor, which was met through the enslavement of Africans.
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How did African leaders contribute to the start of the transatlantic slave trade?
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Some African leaders participated by capturing and selling individuals from rival communities to European traders.
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Why did Europeans initially turn to Africa for slaves?
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Europeans turned to Africa due to the existing African slave trading systems and the perceived logistical idea of transporting slaves for labor in the Americas.
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How did the decline of the native population in the Americas influence the transatlantic slave trade?
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The decimation of the native population due to disease and conflict led Europeans to seek alternative sources of labor, which they found in Africa.
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What role did European rivalries play in the expansion of the slave trade?
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Countries like Britain, France, and Spain sought to outdo each other in economic wealth and influence, seeing the slave trade as a way to achieve this.
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How did the demand for sugar in Europe contribute to the slave trade?
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Sugar plantations required a massive labor force, significantly increasing the demand for enslaved African laborers.
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What was the significance of triangular trade routes in the context of the slave trade?
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Triangular trade routes facilitated the exchange of goods, including enslaved people, between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, making the trade more structured and profitable.
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What was the mercantilist view on the slave trade?
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Under mercantilism, creating self-sufficient colonies was crucial, and the trade of enslaved Africans was seen as necessary for colony productivity.
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How did the demand for tobacco in Europe influence the slave trade?
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Like sugar, tobacco cultivation in the Americas required a vast labor force, leading to an increased reliance on enslaved Africans.
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What was the economic motivation for individual traders in the slave trade?
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Individual traders participated in the slave trade seeking significant profits from the sale and transport of enslaved people.
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How did the European sugar lobbyist influence the continuation of the slave trade?
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Powerful sugar lobbyists in countries like Britain influenced policies to support the slave trade due to its role in maintaining the sugar industry's profitability.
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What was the role of European joint-stock companies in the slave trade?
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Joint-stock companies financed voyages and had a significant role in the organization and expansion of the slave trade.
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How did European political policies contribute to the trade?
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Policies like the Asiento and chartering of companies by governments facilitated and controlled aspects of the slave trade.
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