Cell Membrane Transport

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What is passive transport?
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Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the need for energy input from the cell.
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What is diffusion?
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Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that uses transport proteins to move substances across the cell membrane.
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Define osmosis.
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Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
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What is active transport?
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Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).
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What role does the sodium-potassium pump play in cells?
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The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport mechanism that moves sodium out of and potassium into cells, essential for cell function.
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What is endocytosis?
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Endocytosis is a process where cells engulf external substances, bringing them into the cell in vesicles.
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Differentiate between phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
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Phagocytosis is the engulfing of large particles, while pinocytosis is the ingestion of liquid or small particles.
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Explain exocytosis.
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Exocytosis is the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell.
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What is meant by membrane permeability?
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Membrane permeability refers to the ability of the membrane to allow substances to pass through it.
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How do carrier proteins function in cell transport?
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Carrier proteins facilitate the transport of specific substances across the cell membrane by undergoing a change in shape.
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What is the role of channel proteins in the cell membrane?
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Channel proteins provide passageways for molecules and ions to pass through a membrane, without energy input.
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Define cell membrane potential.
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Membrane potential is the voltage difference across a cell's membrane.
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What is the purpose of the lipid bilayer in cell membranes?
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The lipid bilayer gives the cell membrane structural integrity and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
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Explain how temperature affects cell membrane fluidity.
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Increased temperature enhances fluidity, whereas decreased temperature reduces it, affecting membrane permeability and protein function.
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