Chemical Reactions in Organic Chemistry

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What is an addition reaction?
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An addition reaction occurs when two reactants combine to form a single product, which is common in alkenes and alkynes.
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What happens in a substitution reaction?
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In a substitution reaction, an atom or group in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group.
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What is a common type of elimination reaction?
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A common elimination reaction is the dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes.
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Describe oxidation in the context of organic chemistry.
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Oxidation in organic chemistry often involves increasing the number of bonds to oxygen or loss of hydrogen atoms.
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What is reduction in organic chemistry?
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Reduction usually involves an increase in hydrogen content or a decrease in oxygen content.
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Name a test for alkenes involving a reaction.
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The bromine water test, where bromine water decolorizes in the presence of alkenes, indicating unsaturation.
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What role do catalysts play in organic reactions?
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Catalysts speed up reactions without being consumed, often lowering the activation energy needed.
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Explain polymerization.
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Polymerization is a chemical process in which monomers are bonded together to form polymers.
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What is hydrogenation?
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Hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated organic compounds, often used to saturate alkenes and alkynes.
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What is an electrophile?
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An electrophile is a chemical species that accepts electrons, often involved in addition reactions.
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Describe the role of a nucleophile.
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A nucleophile donates electrons, often attacking electrophilic centers in reactions.
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Give an example of a radical reaction.
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A classic example is the halogenation of alkanes, where radicals are formed and propagate the reaction.
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What type of reaction forms an ester?
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An esterification reaction forms an ester, typically from an acid and an alcohol.
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What defines a condensation reaction?
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A condensation reaction involves two molecules combining with the loss of a small molecule, like water.
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What is the significance of reaction mechanisms?
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Reaction mechanisms detail the step-by-step process of a reaction, helping to understand how chemical transformations occur.
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