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What is Newton's First Law of Motion?
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Newton's First Law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.
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Define the term 'vector' and give an example.
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A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. An example of a vector is velocity.
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What is the formula for calculating acceleration?
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Acceleration is calculated as the change in velocity divided by the time over which the change occurs, a = Δv/Δt.
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Describe the concept of gravitational force.
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Gravitational force is the attractive force between two masses, proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
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What is kinetic energy and how is it calculated?
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Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion and is calculated using the formula KE = 1/2 mv^2, where m is mass and v is velocity.
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How do you define work done by a force?
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Work is defined as the product of the force applied to an object and the distance over which the force is applied, in the direction of the force: W = Fd.
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Explain the law of conservation of energy.
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The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
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What is the difference between speed and velocity?
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Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to how fast an object is moving, while velocity is a vector quantity that refers to the speed of an object in a specified direction.
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Define momentum and provide its formula.
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Momentum is the quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as the product of its mass and velocity. The formula is p = mv.
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What is the role of friction in motion?
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Friction is a force that opposes the motion of an object, acting between surfaces in contact.
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How is torque defined in physics?
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Torque is a measure of the turning force on an object and is calculated as the product of force and the distance from the pivot point, τ = rFsin(θ).
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Describe Hooke's Law.
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Hooke's Law states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance, F = kx, where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement.
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What is potential energy?
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Potential energy is the energy an object possesses because of its position relative to other objects; it is stored energy of position.
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What do you understand by circular motion?
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Circular motion refers to the movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path.
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Explain the concept of equilibrium in physics.
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Equilibrium occurs when all the forces acting on an object are balanced, resulting in no change in motion.
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