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What event marked the beginning of the Cold War?
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The Cold War began shortly after World War II, around 1947, primarily marked by the Truman Doctrine and the increasing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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What was the primary ideology of the United States during the Cold War?
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Capitalism, which emphasizes free markets, private ownership, and individual liberties.
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What was the primary ideology of the Soviet Union during the Cold War?
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Communism, which advocates for a classless society, collective ownership, and the state control of resources.
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What was the Truman Doctrine?
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A U.S. foreign policy established in 1947 to contain the spread of communism, primarily by providing economic and military aid to countries resisting Soviet influence.
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What triggered the Cuban Missile Crisis?
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The discovery by the United States of Soviet nuclear missiles stationed in Cuba in 1962.
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What was the outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
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The crisis ended with the Soviet Union agreeing to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba and secretly removing missiles from Turkey.
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What was the main cause of the Korean War?
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The invasion of South Korea by North Korean forces in 1950, driven by the desire to unify Korea under communist rule.
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How did the Korean War end?
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The Korean War ended in 1953 with an armistice agreement, leading to the establishment of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), but no formal peace treaty was signed.
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What was the impact of the Cold War on American society?
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The Cold War led to a culture of fear and suspicion (e.g., McCarthyism), significant military spending, and technological and scientific advancements.
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What was the nuclear arms race?
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A competition between the United States and the Soviet Union from the late 1940s to the 1980s to develop more powerful and numerous nuclear weapons.
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Briefly describe the Space Race.
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The Space Race was a competition between the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War to achieve significant milestones in space exploration, such as launching the first satellite and landing a man on the moon.
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What was Sputnik 1?
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Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, marking the beginning of the Space Race.
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How did the Cold War impact global alliances?
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It led to the formation of military alliances such as NATO, aligning Western nations against the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union.
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When did the Berlin Wall fall, and why was it significant?
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The Berlin Wall fell on November 9, 1989, symbolizing the weakening of Soviet influence and the eventual end of the Cold War.
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What major policy did Mikhail Gorbachev introduce that contributed to the end of the Cold War?
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Gorbachev introduced 'Perestroika' (restructuring) and 'Glasnost' (openness), which led to political reform and ultimately the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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When did the Soviet Union officially dissolve?
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The Soviet Union officially dissolved on December 26, 1991.
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What was the Marshall Plan?
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An American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the U.S. gave over $12 billion in economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.
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What was the main purpose of NATO during the Cold War?
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To provide collective security against the Soviet Union and its allies, deterring Soviet expansion and defending member countries.
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Why was the Cold War considered a 'cold' war?
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Because it involved indirect conflict, with the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaging in proxy wars, political disagreements, and economic warfare instead of direct military confrontations.
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How did the Cold War influence pop culture?
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It inspired numerous books, films, and TV shows, often reflecting themes of espionage, nuclear threat, and ideological conflict.
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