Colonial and Modern Morocco

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Which European country first established influence over Morocco in the late 19th century?
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France.
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What was the Treaty of Fez?
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The treaty signed in 1912, making Morocco a French protectorate.
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How did the French protectorate administration impact Moroccan society?
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It introduced modern administration, infrastructure, but also led to exploitation and resistance.
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When did Morocco gain independence from French rule?
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In 1956.
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Who was the first king of independent Morocco?
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King Mohammed V.
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Describe the role of the Istiqlal Party.
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A key nationalist party that led the movement for Moroccan independence.
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What was the Rif War?
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A conflict between Spanish colonial forces and the Berber tribes in the Rif mountains from 1920 to 1927.
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Who was Sultan Abdelhafid?
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A ruler who signed the Treaty of Fez marking the start of the French protectorate.
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How did Spain influence Moroccan history in the 20th century?
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Spain controlled the northern and southern parts of Morocco, influencing politics and culture.
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What role did Mohammed V play in the independence movement?
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He worked to unite various nationalist groups against colonial rule and was pivotal in negotiations for independence.
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What was the Green March?
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A strategic mass protest in 1975 that sought to reclaim the Western Sahara from Spanish control.
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How did World War II impact Moroccan nationalism?
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It led to increased demands for independence due to global shifts in colonial attitudes.
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When was Moroccan independence officially recognized by Spain in its controlled territories?
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Also in 1956, similar to France.
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How has the 1996 Moroccan Constitution impacted governance?
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It established a bicameral legislature and reinforced democratic principles.
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What economic changes did King Hassan II implement?
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He modernized the economy, improving industries like phosphates, agriculture, and tourism.
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