Components of Control Systems

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What is the role of a sensor in a control system?
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A sensor measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal that can be read by an observer or by an instrument.
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What does an actuator do in a control system?
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An actuator is a component of a machine that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system.
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What is a controller in a control system?
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A controller processes the sensor signal to generate the appropriate control signal to the actuator to achieve desired performance.
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Explain the function of a compensator in control systems.
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A compensator modifies the system dynamics to achieve desirable performance and stability characteristics.
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What is the function of a comparator in control systems?
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A comparator compares the desired reference value with the actual output and generates an error signal.
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What role does a transducer play in control systems?
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A transducer converts one form of energy into another, commonly used to convert physical signals into electrical signals.
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What is 'servomechanism' in control systems?
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A servomechanism is an automatic device that uses error-sensing feedback to correct the performance of a mechanism.
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Describe the function of a signal conditioner in control systems.
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A signal conditioner converts or modifies sensor signals into the appropriate form for processing or additional instrumentation.
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What is an error detector in a control system?
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An error detector measures the difference between the desired set point and the actual output of the system.
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What is system 'damping' in control systems?
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Damping is a mechanism within the control system to decrease the system's oscillation and bring it to rest.
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Explain the significance of 'lead compensator' in control systems.
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A lead compensator increases the stability or speed of response of a control system.
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What is the role of the processor unit in digital control systems?
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The processor unit performs control algorithms and handles data acquisition and communication with other system components.
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What is a 'filter' in control systems?
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A filter removes undesirable frequencies from signals, leaving only those components that are of interest.
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Define the term 'control loop'.
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A control loop is a closed path followed by a control signal as it travels from controller to process and back to the controller.
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What does 'reference input' mean in control systems?
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The reference input is the desired value or set point that the system aims to follow or achieve.
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