Control Systems Basics

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What is a control system?
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A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops.
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What are open-loop and closed-loop control systems?
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Open-loop systems operate without feedback, while closed-loop systems use feedback to compare the actual output with the desired output.
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What is feedback in control systems?
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Feedback is the process of taking a portion of the output and returning it to the input to maintain the desired system performance.
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Explain the term 'transfer function' in control systems.
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A transfer function is a mathematical representation of the relationship between the input and the output of a linear time-invariant system.
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What is stability in control systems?
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Stability refers to a system's ability to return to its equilibrium state after a disturbance.
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What is a PID controller?
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A PID controller is a control loop mechanism that uses proportional, integral, and derivative terms to control the system.
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What is the purpose of a compensator in control systems?
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A compensator is used to improve the stability and performance of a control system by adjusting the closed-loop transfer function.
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Define gain margin in control systems.
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Gain margin is a measure of the system's ability to maintain stability as the gain is varied. It is usually expressed in decibels (dB).
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Define phase margin in control systems.
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Phase margin is the extra phase lag required at the gain crossover frequency to bring the system to the verge of instability.
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What is meant by the steady-state error in a control system?
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Steady-state error is the difference between the desired and actual output as time approaches infinity.
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What are time-domain specifications in control systems?
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Time-domain specifications are performance measures of a control system such as rise time, settling time, peak time, and overshoot.
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What does the term 'root locus' represent?
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Root locus is a graphical method for examining how the roots of a system change with variation of a certain system parameter.
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What is frequency response in control systems?
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Frequency response is the steady-state response of a system to a sinusoidal input signal.
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What is system compensation in control systems?
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System compensation involves modifying the system to improve performance such as stability, speed, or accuracy.
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What does the term 'bode plot' mean?
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A Bode plot is a graph of the frequency response of a system. It typically shows gain (magnitude) and phase shift as functions of frequency.
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