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What was the primary role of the Cossacks in Ukrainian society during the 15th to 18th century?
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They were military communities that protected the borders, fought against invasions, and played a key role in political and cultural life.
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In which year was the Zaporozhian Sich officially established?
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The Zaporozhian Sich was officially established in 1552.
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Who was the first known leader (hetman) of the Cossacks?
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Dmytro Vyshnevetsky is known as the first hetman of the Cossacks.
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What was the significance of the Pereyaslav Council in 1654 for the Cossacks?
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The Pereyaslav Council in 1654 marked the agreement between the Cossacks and Tsardom of Russia for protection against Poland, leading to Russian influence over Ukraine.
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Which document served as the Cossacks' constitution, especially highlighting their democratic decision-making process?
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The legal code ‘Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk’ in 1710 outlined democratic principles and established Cossack autonomy.
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How did the Zaporozhian Sich influence the development of Ukrainian national identity?
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The Zaporozhian Sich fostered a sense of freedom, independence, and a unique Ukrainian cultural identity distinct from Poland and Russia.
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What was the main economic activity of the Cossacks apart from military campaigns?
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Apart from military campaigns, the Cossacks engaged in agriculture, fisheries, and trade.
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Who led the Khmelnytsky Uprising and what was its outcome?
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Bohdan Khmelnytsky led the uprising in 1648, resulting in a significant rebellion against Polish rule, eventually leading to the Treaty of Pereyaslav.
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What impact did the Treaty of Andrusovo (1667) have on the Cossacks?
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The Treaty of Andrusovo split Ukraine along the Dnieper River, with eastern lands falling under Russian influence and western lands under Polish control, impacting Cossack rule.
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What was the role of the Cossack Host in the 17th and 18th centuries?
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The Cossack Host served as an organized military force defending the region and engaging in campaigns and trade routes across Eastern Europe.
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Which river was central to the life and activities of the Zaporozhian Cossacks?
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The Dnieper River was central to the Zaporozhian Cossacks' life, providing a strategic location for defense and trade.
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What was the motivation behind the construction of Cossack fortresses?
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Cossack fortresses were built for protection against foreign invasions and as bases for military and administrative activities.
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Describe the cultural contributions of the Cossacks to Ukrainian heritage.
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The Cossacks contributed significantly through music, oral traditions, unique attire, and their democratic practices, enriching Ukrainian cultural heritage.
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How did the Russian Empire eventually suppress the Cossack autonomy?
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The Russian Empire dismantled the Zaporozhian Sich in 1775, integrating the Cossack territories into the empire to eliminate their autonomy and control potential revolts.
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What was the typical governance structure within a Cossack community?
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The Cossack communities were typically governed by democratic assemblies known as ‘Radas’, with a hetman elected as the military and administrative leader.
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