Darwinism: Struggle for Existence and Natural Selection

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What is the struggle for existence according to Darwin?
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It is the competition among living organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources.
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How does natural selection lead to evolution?
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Natural selection allows individuals with advantageous traits to survive and reproduce, passing these traits to the next generation.
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What is meant by 'survival of the fittest'?
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It describes the mechanism of natural selection where individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully.
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How do variations in a species contribute to natural selection?
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Variations increase the chances that some individuals will possess traits better suited to the environment, thus enhancing their survival.
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What role does the environment play in natural selection?
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The environment determines which traits are beneficial, guiding the process of natural selection.
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What evidence did Darwin present for natural selection?
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Darwin observed finches in the Galápagos Islands, noting variations in beak shapes suited for different food sources.
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Why is the concept of adaptation critical in natural selection?
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Adaptation helps organisms become better suited to their environment, increasing their survival and reproduction chances.
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Can artificial selection be considered natural selection?
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Artificial selection is a form of selection practiced by humans; it differs from natural selection as it is intentional and not environmental.
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How did Darwin's theories challenge the prevailing scientific views of his time?
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Darwin's ideas of gradual evolution and natural selection contradicted the then-dominant belief in the fixed creation of species.
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What is the importance of genetic variation in the struggle for existence?
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Genetic variation provides the raw material for natural selection, enabling adaptation to changing environments.
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How do mutation and sexual reproduction contribute to natural selection?
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They create genetic diversity, which can result in beneficial traits that might be selected for over generations.
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What is an example of a trait that enhances survival in a species?
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Camouflage in animals like chameleons helps them avoid predators by blending in with their environment.
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Can you name a modern example of natural selection at work?
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The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a contemporary example of natural selection.
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How does overpopulation influence the struggle for existence?
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Overpopulation leads to competition for resources, intensifying the struggle for existence.
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What did Darwin mean by 'descent with modification'?
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It refers to the passing of traits from parent to offspring, with changes occurring over generations, leading to evolutionary change.
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