Developmental Psychology

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What does developmental psychology study?
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The growth and changes that occur in human beings throughout their lifespan.
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Name Jean Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development.
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Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.
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At what stage does object permanence develop, according to Piaget?
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During the sensorimotor stage.
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What is Erikson's stage of ‘Identity vs. Role Confusion’?
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A stage of adolescence where teenagers explore their independence and sense of self.
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What is attachment theory?
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A theory in developmental psychology which proposes that children come into the world pre-programmed to form attachments with others, for survival.
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Who is known for the concept of the ‘zone of proximal development’?
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Lev Vygotsky.
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Explain the term 'nature vs. nurture'.
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The debate regarding the relative impact of genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) on individual behavior and personality.
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What is a critical period in development?
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A maturational stage in the lifespan of an organism during which the nervous system is especially sensitive to certain environmental stimuli.
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Define 'teratogens'.
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Agents, such as chemicals or viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.
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What is the importance of prenatal development in psychology?
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It is crucial because it lays down the foundational patterns and structures for later growth and development.
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Describe Kohlberg's stages of moral development.
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Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional stages.
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What age range does Piaget’s ‘preoperational’ stage cover?
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Ages 2 to 7 years.
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Which developmental milestone is typically reached at around 12 months?
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Walking independently.
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What is Bowlby’s theory related to?
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Attachment in children and the bond between infants and their caregivers.
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Identify a factor that influences childhood development other than genetics.
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Social interactions and parental care influence childhood development.
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