DNA Structure and Replication

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What is the basic structural unit of DNA?
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The nucleotide is the basic structural unit of DNA.
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What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
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Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
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What shape does the DNA molecule typically have?
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The DNA molecule is structured as a double helix.
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How do adenine and thymine pair in DNA?
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Adenine pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds.
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How do guanine and cytosine pair in DNA?
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Guanine pairs with cytosine through three hydrogen bonds.
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What role does the enzyme helicase play in DNA replication?
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Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix.
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What is the function of DNA polymerase in replication?
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DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides.
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What is the direction of new DNA strand synthesis?
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New DNA strands are synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
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What is a replication fork?
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A replication fork is the Y-shaped region where DNA is being unwound and replicated.
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What is the role of primers in DNA replication?
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Primers provide a starting point for DNA synthesis.
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What is the lagging strand in DNA replication?
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The lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments.
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What role does DNA ligase play in DNA replication?
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DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
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What is the semi-conservative model of DNA replication?
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In the semi-conservative model, each new DNA molecule consists of one parental and one new strand.
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What enzyme relieves the tension generated during DNA unwinding?
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Topoisomerase relieves the tension by cutting, winding, and re-ligating DNA strands.
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What is the origin of replication?
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The origin of replication is where the process of DNA replication begins.
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