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What is double fertilization in plants?
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Double fertilization is a unique process in angiosperms where one sperm fertilizes the egg forming a zygote, and another sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form the endosperm.
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Which plant group exhibits double fertilization?
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Angiosperms, or flowering plants, exhibit double fertilization.
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What is formed as a result of double fertilization?
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As a result of double fertilization, a zygote and endosperm are formed.
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What roles do the two sperm cells play in double fertilization?
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One sperm cell fertilizes the egg forming a zygote, while the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm.
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What is the ploidy level of the endosperm formed during double fertilization?
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The endosperm has a triploid (3n) ploidy level.
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Explain the significance of double fertilization.
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Double fertilization ensures efficient seed development by forming both embryo and endosperm simultaneously, optimizing nutrient allocation for seed growth.
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How does the endosperm benefit the developing plant embryo?
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The endosperm provides nutrition to the developing plant embryo, ensuring its growth and development.
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What role does the zygote play post fertilization?
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The zygote develops into the plant embryo, which eventually gives rise to a new plant.
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What structure in the flower houses the ovule where double fertilization occurs?
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The ovary houses the ovule where double fertilization takes place.
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Describe the sequence of events in double fertilization starting from pollination.
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Pollination leads to pollen tube growth which travels down the style to deliver two sperm cells to the ovule; one fertilizes the egg, and the other fuses with polar nuclei.
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How do angiosperms differ from gymnosperms in fertilization?
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Angiosperms undergo double fertilization, forming both a zygote and endosperm, whereas gymnosperms do not form endosperm after fertilization.
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What adaptations allow for double fertilization in angiosperms?
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Adaptations include the development of flowers for attracting pollinators and pollen tubes to deliver sperm to ovules efficiently.
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How does the pollen tube function in double fertilization?
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The pollen tube grows from the pollen grain down the style to deliver sperm cells directly to the ovule.
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What evolutionary advantage does double fertilization provide to flowering plants?
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Double fertilization allows efficient resource use for seed development, promoting higher reproductive success.
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Identify the result of fertilization between the sperm cell and egg cell in double fertilization.
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The fertilization of the sperm cell and egg cell results in the formation of a diploid zygote.
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