Earthquakes: Causes and Effects

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What causes earthquakes?
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Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy along faults due to tectonic plate movements.
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What is a fault line in the context of earthquakes?
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A fault line is a fracture in the Earth's crust where blocks of land have moved past each other.
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What measures the magnitude of an earthquake?
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The magnitude of an earthquake is measured using the Richter scale or the moment magnitude scale (Mw).
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What are aftershocks?
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Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that follow the main shock of a larger earthquake.
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How do seismic waves relate to earthquakes?
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Seismic waves are energy waves generated by an earthquake that travel through the Earth.
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What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
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The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus, where the earthquake originates.
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What are the immediate effects of an earthquake?
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Immediate effects include ground shaking, landslides, building collapse, and infrastructure damage.
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How can earthquakes trigger other natural hazards?
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Earthquakes can cause landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.
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What is liquefaction in relation to earthquakes?
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Liquefaction occurs when shaking causes water-saturated soils to behave like a liquid, potentially causing foundations to fail.
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How can buildings be made earthquake-resistant?
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Buildings can be reinforced with flexible structures, base isolators, and dampers to absorb seismic energy.
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What are the long-term effects of an earthquake on a community?
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Long-term effects include displacement of populations, economic loss, and changes in land use.
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How does an early warning system for earthquakes work?
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Early warning systems detect initial seismic waves and send alerts to allow people time to react before the more damaging waves arrive.
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What is the difference between a foreshock and an aftershock?
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A foreshock is a smaller earthquake that occurs before the main shock, whereas an aftershock occurs after.
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Explain the Ring of Fire in context of earthquakes.
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The Ring of Fire is an area in the Pacific Ocean with frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity due to tectonic plate boundaries.
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Why is public education important in earthquake-prone areas?
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Education helps people prepare and respond effectively, reducing injuries and saving lives during earthquakes.
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