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Define electric current.
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Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, typically measured in amperes (A).
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What is Ohm's Law?
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Ohm's Law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, expressed as V = IR.
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Describe the concept of an electric field.
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An electric field is a region around a charged particle where a force would be exerted on other charged particles, defined as E = F/q.
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What is the function of a capacitor in circuits?
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A capacitor stores electrical energy in an electric field, and releases it at a later time in the circuit.
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How is resistance measured and what is its unit?
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Resistance is measured as the opposition to current flow in a material, with the unit ohm (Ω).
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Explain Faraday's Law of Induction.
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Faraday's Law of Induction states that a change in magnetic flux through a circuit induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the circuit.
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What is the purpose of a transformer?
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A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction, typically to change voltage levels.
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Define magnetic flux.
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Magnetic flux is the measure of the quantity of magnetism, taking into account the strength and extent of a magnetic field, through a given area.
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What is Coulomb's Law?
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Coulomb's Law quantifies the amount of force between two stationary, electrically charged particles, stating it is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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What is the difference between AC and DC current?
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AC (alternating current) changes direction periodically, while DC (direct current) flows in one direction continuously.
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Explain the concept of electromagnetic waves.
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Electromagnetic waves are waves of electric and magnetic fields oscillating at right angles to each other and the direction of wave propagation.
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What is the Lorentz force?
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The Lorentz force is the force on a charged particle moving through a magnetic and electric field, given by F = q(E + v × B).
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How do conductors and insulators differ?
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Conductors allow electric charges to flow easily, while insulators resist electric charges from flowing.
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What role do semiconductors play in electronics?
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Semiconductors have electrical conductivity between conductors and insulators and are used in electronic components like diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits.
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Describe the principle of superposition in electric fields.
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The principle of superposition states that the total electric field created by multiple sources is the vector sum of the individual fields created by each source.
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